Aptitude Questions--Set 16
Parts of speech:
All the communication skills, consulting of listening, speaking, reading and writing, can be practiced only with words. The different types of words used in the sentence are called parts of speech. Basically, there are eight parts of speech they are the following:
Noun
Pronoun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Preposition
Conjunction
Interjection
Pronoun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Preposition
Conjunction
Interjection
The Noun
This part of speech is commonly called naming words. They name some persons, certain places, some quality, some things or material and some groups. Nouns are divided into five Kinds: Common nouns-: these noun refer to general names used commonly for places, persons etc.
Ex: women, bus, country, city, solider
Proper nouns-: Names of particular places persons or things are called Proper nouns.
Ex: Abhilash, Madhuri, India, Hyderabad .
Collective noun: When We Name groups, these names are called collective noun.
Collective noun: When We Name groups, these names are called collective noun.
Ex: a crowd, a bunch, a class, mob etc
Abstract nouns: These nouns indicate quality of a person, activity condition, state, ideas or names expressing emotional process etc...
Abstract nouns: These nouns indicate quality of a person, activity condition, state, ideas or names expressing emotional process etc...
Ex: Kindness, cruelty, punctuality, love, fear, generosity etc
Materials nouns: these are names of materials or things out of which some other things or products are manufacture.
Ex: leather, wool, copper, silk, paper etc
Ex: leather, wool, copper, silk, paper etc
The Pronoun
Words used instead of a noun are called pronouns. They are used to avoid the repetition of nouns and to make communication more pleasant.
Verb
The verb is an action word it is also a word that shows a state or condition. It also denotes possession.
Ex: Ravi killed a snake. (Action)
Radha is not well. (State)
Abhinav has a Maruthi car. (Possession)
Ex: Ravi killed a snake. (Action)
Radha is not well. (State)
Abhinav has a Maruthi car. (Possession)
Adjective
Adjectives are words that give more information about a noun or a pronoun. In other words, they describe a noun or a pronoun.
Ex: Delhi is beautiful city
Adjective noun
Ex: Delhi is beautiful city
Adjective noun
Some adjectives have "ed" or "en" ending.
Ex: She is an educated lady
Adjective noun
Articles
Ex: She is an educated lady
Adjective noun
Articles
"Articles" play a vital role in English language. We do not have such a thing like "articles" in Indian languages. Therefore we have to learn the right usage articles, when to use them and where to omit them. Articles are divided into two groups:
•Indefinite article - "a", "an".
•Definite article - "The".
"Articles" are like adjectives.
Ex : - He is the man whom I met yesterday at the bus-stop. Here "the" (definite article) does the function of an Adjective. "The" refers to particular person.
Similarly, "a" and " an" are used as number Adjective.
Ex : - I took an umbrella and went out of the house.
Here "an" has the meaning of "one umbrella" showing the number.
Ex : - He is the man whom I met yesterday at the bus-stop. Here "the" (definite article) does the function of an Adjective. "The" refers to particular person.
Similarly, "a" and " an" are used as number Adjective.
Ex : - I took an umbrella and went out of the house.
Here "an" has the meaning of "one umbrella" showing the number.
The Adverb
Adverb has three important functions to perform in a sentence.
Adverb has three important functions to perform in a sentence.
1. It modifies or tells more about has an action is done, when an action is done etc .
Ex: the old man Was walking slowly
Verb Adverb
They came late
Verb Adverb
2. An Adverb also modifies on Adjective
Ex: She is a very Beautiful Girl .
Adverb Adjective
An adverb can also describe another adverb.
Ex : She speaks Quite clearly
Adverb Adverb
Ex: the old man Was walking slowly
Verb Adverb
They came late
Verb Adverb
2. An Adverb also modifies on Adjective
Ex: She is a very Beautiful Girl .
Adverb Adjective
An adverb can also describe another adverb.
Ex : She speaks Quite clearly
Adverb Adverb
Preposition
Preposition show relationship between
Preposition show relationship between
a Verb and a Noun
a Verb and a Pronoun.
an Adjective and a Noun
one Noun and another Noun
Ex:They are sitting on a bench
Verb prepo noun
She stood by him in thick and their.
Verb prepo pronoun
The woman was kind to Raju
Adj Prepo Noun
The boys were playing in the playground
Noun prepo Noun
Note: Sometimes prepositions are placed at the end though most of the time they are placed between the Words they relate to
Ex: What are you searching for ?
Ex: Whom are you talking about ?
a Verb and a Pronoun.
an Adjective and a Noun
one Noun and another Noun
Ex:They are sitting on a bench
Verb prepo noun
She stood by him in thick and their.
Verb prepo pronoun
The woman was kind to Raju
Adj Prepo Noun
The boys were playing in the playground
Noun prepo Noun
Note: Sometimes prepositions are placed at the end though most of the time they are placed between the Words they relate to
Ex: What are you searching for ?
Ex: Whom are you talking about ?
Conjunction
Conjunctions are words that join words or sentences.
Ex : - Sunita and Krishan are friends
He is poor but he is honest
Ex : - Sunita and Krishan are friends
He is poor but he is honest
Kinds of Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions - They join sentences of equal rank.
Ex: - Molly sang and Polly danced
Ex: - Molly sang and Polly danced
Co-relative or pair conjunctions - They are used in pairs.
Ex: - Not only Raghu but also Rani came for the function.
Ex: - Not only Raghu but also Rani came for the function.
Sub-Ordination Conjunctions - These conjunctions join clauses.
Ex : - I will come if you invite me.
Ex : - I will come if you invite me.
Interjection
Interjection is the name given to words that express sudden feelings of joy, sorrow, surprise etc ...An exclamatory mark (!) is used after the Interjection. Sometimes a group of words express sudden feelings.
Some examples are given below : Bravo ! That was beautiful
Hurrah ! we have won the match.
Alas ! The poor man is no more.
Oh ! What a beautiful night.
Well done ! Arsha
Verb - Tenses
"Tenses" mean the time of action. When an action is performed in the present, it is called the present tense, Similarly if it is in the past, it is called the past tense and if it is the future it is called the future tense.
Every finite verb has three forms : V 1 - V 2 - V 3
Ex: Eat-ate-eaten
v1 v2 v3
Ex: Eat-ate-eaten
v1 v2 v3
The Present Tense
Simple Present - eats - (singular subject)
eat - (plural subject)
Present Continuous - is eating (singular subject)
- are eating (plural subject)
Note : - With " I" we use "am eating"
eat - (plural subject)
Present Continuous - is eating (singular subject)
- are eating (plural subject)
Note : - With " I" we use "am eating"
Present perfect - has eaten (singular subject)
- have eaten (plural subject)
Present perfect Continuous - has been eating (singular subject)
- have been eating (plural subject)
- have eaten (plural subject)
Present perfect Continuous - has been eating (singular subject)
- have been eating (plural subject)
Aptitude Questions--Set 16
The Past Tense
Simple past - ate (singular & plural subject)
Note : - V2 form as it is.
Note : - V2 form as it is.
Past continues - was eating (singular subject)
- were eating (plural subject)
Past perfect - had eaten (singular and plural subjects)
- were eating (plural subject)
Past perfect - had eaten (singular and plural subjects)
Past perfect continuous - had been eating (singular and plural subjects)
The Future Tense
Simple future - Shall/ will eat (common to singular and plural subject)
Future continuous - shall/ will be eating (common to singular and plural subject)
Future perfect - shall/ will have eaten (common to singular and plural subject)
Future perfect continuous - shall/ will have been eating (common to singular and plural subject)
Know the uses of tenses
Simple Present
To express habits, customs, universal truth.
Ex : - My father goes for morning walk everyday.
The Muslims fast during the month of Ramzan
The earth moves round the sun
Ex : - My father goes for morning walk everyday.
The Muslims fast during the month of Ramzan
The earth moves round the sun
To speak of planned or scheduled activities and while making request, giving orders and instructions.
Ex : - (a) All the schools in Andhra Pradesh re-open, after summer vacation, in the month Of June.
(b) The Konark express leaves Secunderabad Railway Station at 11 o' clock in the
Ex : - (a) All the schools in Andhra Pradesh re-open, after summer vacation, in the month Of June.
(b) The Konark express leaves Secunderabad Railway Station at 11 o' clock in the
Present Continuous
To speak about actions going on at the time of speaking
Ex : - Don't disturb. They are studying.
Ex : - Don't disturb. They are studying.
To indicate near future.
Ex : - I am leaving for Chennai tomorrow.
Ex : - I am leaving for Chennai tomorrow.
To express things happening now-a-days
Infinite/ Gerund/ Participle
A finite verb has three forms i.e. V1 - V2 - V3 . with the help of these three parts we form different types of tenses.
An infinite cannot form tenses. It can be used with singular and plural subject and with any person (first, second or third person) without any change
Active and Passive Voice
When subject of a sentence directly does an action, then the verb is said to be is the active voice.
Mr. Srinivas wrote this poem (Active voice)
Subject Verb Object
Mr. Srinivas wrote this poem (Active voice)
Subject Verb Object
A verb is said to be in the passive voice when it shows that something is done to the subject.
This poem was written by Mr. Srinivas . (Passive voice)
This poem was written by Mr. Srinivas . (Passive voice)
Concord
Concord or the agreement between the subject and the verb, in the both numbers and in persons, is one of the most problematic items in the function English. Many question based on this concept appear in the "sentence correction" section of CAT. Therefore it is better to have a through knowledge about "Concord".
Aptitude Questions--Set 16
Direct and indirect speech
Direct Speech
Direct speech points out the exact words of the persons speaking. while writing we place these words, within inverted commas or question marks.
Examples of direct speech:
1. she said , "I am eating now"
2. He said to the child, "do not disturb me"
3. Abhinav said to Radha, "where are you going?"
2. He said to the child, "do not disturb me"
3. Abhinav said to Radha, "where are you going?"
Indirect Speech
When we report someone's words to a third party, we do not use the exact words of the speaker. We make lot of changes while reporting. This is called indirect speech the above sentences can be reported as follows.
When we report someone's words to a third party, we do not use the exact words of the speaker. We make lot of changes while reporting. This is called indirect speech the above sentences can be reported as follows.
Examples of indirect speech or reported speech:
1.She said that she was eating them (Told)
2.He warned the child not to disturb him. (Commanded)
3.Abhinav asked Radha when she was going. (Enquired)
2.He warned the child not to disturb him. (Commanded)
3.Abhinav asked Radha when she was going. (Enquired)
Idioms
Idioms are expressions which function as a single units and whose meaning cannot be worked out form its separate parts. "kick the bucket" is an example for the above statement. It is an idiom which means die. In cat a few wrongly used idioms may come for correction. The basic idea is that we cannot change the words of the idiom. For example "spread like wild fire" is an idiom which means to spread fast. Now you or I cannot change this idiom "spread like wild fire" into spread like forest fire' or "spread like fire in the wilderness" .
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